Table 1.

Patients’ characteristics by obesity treatment

	Total	Low-intensive lifestyle treatment	High-intensive lifestyle treatment	Bariatric surgery	p value
Patients,n	924	398	198	328	–
Age (SD), years*	45 (17)	44 (18)	45 (13)	45 (14)	0.621
Female gender,n (%)	617 (67%)	265 (67%)	128 (65%)	224 (68%)	0.687
Body weight (SD), kg	130 (22)	129 (21)	132 (23)	131 (22)	0.247
BMI	44.5 (5.7)	44.1 (5.3)	44.5 (5.9)	45.0 (5.9)	0.089
Obesity class, BMI					0.322
35–40	189 (21%)	87 (22%)	43 (22%)	59 (18%)
40–50	587 (64%)	258 (65%)	122 (62%)	207 (64%)
≥50	146 (16%)	53 (13%)	33 (17%)	60 (18%)
Duration of obesity (SD), years*	21 (16)	20 (16)	22 (16)	22 (15)	0.014
Systolic blood pressure (SD), mm Hg	140 (43)	138 (19)	143 (86)	139 (19)	0.366
Diastolic blood pressure (SD), mm Hg	77 (11)	76 (11)	78 (10)	77 (12)	0.114
Metabolic syndrome,n (%)	586 (64%)	245 (62%)	127 (64%)	214 (65%)	0.514
Type 2 diabetes,n (%)	270 (29%)	105 (26%)	52 (26%)	113 (35%)	0.035
Hypertension,n (%)	559 (61%)	230 (58%)	131 (66%)	198 (60%)	0.144
Employment,n (%)	582 (63%)	222 (56%)	145 (74%)	215 (66%)	<0.001
Joint pain,n (%)	280 (30%)	112 (28%)	53 (27%)	115 (35%)	0.062
Physical inactivity,n (%)	752 (85%)	328 (85%)	163 (85%)	261 (85%)	0.982
Family history of diabetes,n (%)	279 (30%)	114 (29%)	52 (26%)	113 (35%)	0.094
Family history of CVD,n (%)	291 (32%)	109 (27%)	65 (33%)	117 (35%)	0.052
Family history of obesity,n (%)	359 (39%)	135 (34%)	79 (40%)	145 (44%)	0.017
Anxiety or depression,n (%)	227 (25%)	103 (26%)	49 (25%)	75 (23%)	0.642
Psychiatric illness,n (%)	111 (12%)	42 (11%)	23 (12%)	46 (14%)	0.352
Lifetime adversity,n (%)	424 (46%)	204 (51%)	92 (47%)	128 (39%)	0.004

Data are presented as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) and proportions (n [%]).

^*Denotes comparison between groups with Kruskal-Wallis H test for non-parametric data.