Table 2.
Results indicating the number of participants, coefficients, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals regarding the direct association between physical neighbourhood factors and BMI/overweight status and the direct association between social neighbourhood factors and BMI/overweight status as derived from multilevel linear (BMI) and logistic (overweight) regression analysis in multiple imputed data
| n | BMI |
Overweight |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 95%CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Physical neighbourhood factors | |||||
| Presence of recreational facilities | 5,199 | –0.10 | –0.31; 0.11 | 0.96 | 0.87; 1.06 |
| Features of the active transportation environment | 5,199 | –0.21 | –0.40; −0.02 | 0.91 | 0.83; 0.99 |
| Neighbourhood aesthetics | 5,199 | –0.02 | –0.20; 0.16 | 1.00 | 0.92; 1.08 |
| mRFEI | 4,942 | –0.00 | –0.01; 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
| Social neighbourhood factors | |||||
| Low social network | 1,682 | ref | ref | ||
| Moderate social network | 1,989 | –0.43 | –0.75; −0.10 | 0.89 | 0.76; 1.06 |
| High social network | 1,528 | –0.42 | –0.77; −0.06 | 0.94 | 0.78; 1.13 |
| Low social cohesion | 1,420 | ref | ref | ||
| Moderate social cohesion | 2,258 | –0.56 | –0.84; −0.28 | 0.85 | 0.75; 0.98 |
| High social cohesion | 1,520 | –0.48 | –0.85; −0.11 | 0.95 | 0.89; 1.25 |
| Lowest social trust | 220 | ref | ref | ||
| Low social trust | 368 | –0.87 | –1.83; 0.09 | 0.94 | 0.65; 1.36 |
| Neutral social trust | 1,696 | –0.92 | –1.86; 0.02 | 0.97 | 0.70; 1.35 |
| High social trust | 2,436 | –1.28 | –2.12; −0.44 | 0.85 | 0.64; 1.14 |
| Highest social trust | 479 | –1.31 | –2.19; −0.43 | 0.88 | 0.62; 1.25 |
| Low SES | 2,578 | ref | ref | ||
| High SES | 2,621 | –0.75 | –1.15; −0.35 | 0.73 | 0.61; 0.89 |
| Lowest perceived crime | 715 | ref | ref | ||
| Low perceived crime | 1,845 | –0.15 | –0.52; 0.22 | 1.02 | 0.86; 1.21 |
| Neutral perceived crime | 1,667 | –0.14 | –0.53; 0.25 | 1.01 | 0.83; 1.23 |
| High perceived crime | 628 | 0.13 | –0.38; 0.64 | 1.05 | 0.83; 1.34 |
| Highest perceived crime | 344 | –0.27 | –0.82; 0.28 | 0.97 | 0.74; 1.27 |
Physical neighbourhood factors are operationalised as z-scores, except for mRFEI. All analyses, except for SES, were adjusted for age, sex, educational level, length of residency, RAD and SES. Analyses with SES were adjusted for age, sex, educational level, length of residency and RAD. n, number of participants; B, unstandardized coefficients; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; BMI, body mass index measured in kg/m2; OR, odds ratio; mRFEI, modified retail food environment index calculated by dividing the number of healthy food outlets by the total number of healthy and unhealthy food outlets and multiplying this by 100; SES, socio-economic status; ref, reference; RAD, residential area density. Bold numbers represent significant associations (two-sidedp value <0.05).