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. 2018 Jun 5;8(2):92–109. doi: 10.1159/000488779

Table 2.

Prognostic factors for overall survival on univariate and multivariate analysis

Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
HR 95% CI p value HR 95% CI p value
Age
 ≥65 years (n = 395) 1.232 0.961–1.592 0.101
 <65 years (n = 211) 1.000 (referent)
Sex
 Male (n = 484) 1.003 0.752–1.364 0.982
 Female (n = 122) Etiology of HCC 1.000 (referent)
Etiology of HCC
 HBV and/or HCV (n = 392) 0.967 0.757–1.242 0.788
 Others (n = 214) 1.000 (referent)
Previous treatment for HCC
 Yes (n = 228) 1.331 1.048–1.688 0.019
 No (n = 378) 1.000 (referent)
Obesity-related comorbidities
 Yes(n = 361) 1.003 0.790–1.278 0.978
 No(n = 245) 1.000 (referent)
Period of hepatectomy
 2005–2009 (n = 302) 0.905 0.696–1.181 0.459
 2010–2016 (n = 304) 1.000 (referent)
Platelet count
 <10 × 104/mm3 (n = 128) 1.410 1.071–1.835 0.015 1.199 0.895–1.589 0.220
 ≥10 × 104/mm3 (n = 478) 1.000 (referent) 1.000 (referent)
Total lymphocyte count
 <1,000/mm3 (n = 156) 1.279 0.975–1.660 0.075
 ≥1,000/mm3 (n = 450) 1.000 (referent)
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
 <4.0 (n = 547) 0.750 0.514–1.143 0.174
 ≥4.0 (n = 59) 1.000 (referent)
Total bilirubin
 ≥1.0 mg/dL (n = 187) 1.123 0.868–1.442 0.371
 <1.0 mg/dL (n = 419) 1.000 (referent)
Albumin
 <3.5 g/dL (n = 100) 1.799 1.329–2.398 <0.001 1.501 1.084–2.045 0.015
 ≥3.5 g/dL (n = 506) 1.000 (referent) 1.000 (referent)
ICG R15
 ≥15% (n = 312) 1.195 0.944–1.516 0.139
 <15% (n = 294) 1.000 (referent)
Child-Pugh class
 A (n = 555) 0.746 0.508–1.144 0.172
 B (n = 51) 1.000 (referent)
AFP
 ≥20 ng/dL (n = 294) 1.792 1.412–2.282 <0.001 1.590 1.236–2.050 <0.001
 <20 ng/dL (n = 312) 1.000 (referent) 1.000 (referent)
DCP
 ≥40 mAU/mL (n = 428) 1.239 0.955–1.625 0.108
 <40 mAU/mL (n = 178) 1.000 (referent)
Liver histology
 Normal liver or chronic hepatitis
 (n = 305) 0.899 0.709–1.138 0.376
 Liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis
 (n = 301) 1.000 (referent)
Tumor size
 ≥5.0 cm (n = 209) 1.609 1.265–2.041 <0.001
 <5.0 cm (n = 397) 1.000 (referent)
Number of tumors
 Multiple (n = 189) 1.542 1.206–1.962 0.001
 Solitary (n = 417) 1.000 (referent)
MVI
 Positive (n = 196) 1.891 1.485–2.400 <0.001
 Negative (n = 410) 1.000 (referent)
Tumor differentiation
 Well or moderate (n = 424) 0.551 0.427–0.718 <0.001 0.739 0.537–1.040 0.081
 Poor(n = 167) 1.000 (referent) 1.000 (referent)
TNM stage
 I or II (n = 361) 0.454 0.357–0.575 <0.001 0.508 0.391–0.659 <0.001
 III or IV (n = 245) 1.000 (referent) 1.000 (referent)
Surgical procedure
 Lobectomy or more (n = 210) 1.536 1.205–1.950 0.001
 Less than segmentectomy (n = 396) 1.000 (referent)
Operative time
 ≥360 min (n = 318) 1.495 1.179–1.899 0.001
 <360 min (n = 288) 1.000 (referent)
Operative blood loss
 ≥500 mL(n = 378) 1.644 1.269–2.151 <0.001 1.012 0.758–1.362 0.936
 <500 mL (n = 228) 1.000 (referent) 1.000 (referent)
BMI
 ≥25(n = 157) 0.994 0.753–1.296 0.964
 <25 (n = 449) 1.000 (referent)
Preoperative SMI
 Low (n = 84) 1.506 1.077–2.058 0.018 1.333 1.007–1.752 0.045
 Normal(n = 522) 1.000 (referent) 1.000 (referent)
Preoperative IMAC
 High (n = 258) 1.918 1.500–2.468 <0.001 1.774 1.375–2.302 <0.001
 Normal(n = 348) 1.000 (referent) 1.000 (referent)
Preoperative VSR
 High(n = 252) 1.656 1.308–2.099 <0.001 1.566 1.222–2.008 <0.001
 Normal (n = 354) 1.000 (referent) 1.000 (referent)

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ICG R15, indocyanine green retention test at 15 min; AFP, α-fetoprotein; DCP, des-γ-carboxyprothrombin; MVI, microvascular invasion; TNM, Tumour-Node-Metastasis (stage defined by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan); BMI, body mass index; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; IMAC, intramuscular adipose tissue content; VSR, visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio.