Table 1.

Identifying the focus of the coaching intervention from the type and sources of diabetes distress using the diabetes distress scale.

DDSa subscale	Questions (from DDS)	Possible coaching targets
Regimen distress	Not feeling confident in my day-to-day ability to manage diabetes; Feeling that I am not testing my blood sugars frequently enough; Feeling that I am often failing with my diabetes routine; Feeling that I am not sticking closely enough to a good meal plan; Not feeling motivated to keep up my diabetes self-management	Perception of low self-efficacy for diabetes self-care; Perception of low motivation for diabetes self-care; Perception of lack of success in following diabetes self-care plan
Emotional burden	Feeling that diabetes is taking up too much of my mental and physical energy every day; Feeling angry, scared, depressed, or a mixture of these feelings when I think about living with diabetes; Feeling that I will end up with serious long-term complications, no matter what I do; Feeling that diabetes controls my life; Feeling overwhelmed by the demands of living with diabetes	Low level of perceived ability to influence outcomes; Low level of perceived ability to manage emotions
Interpersonal distress	Feeling that friends or family are not supportive enough of self-care efforts; Feeling that friends or family do not appreciate how difficult living with diabetes can be; Feeling that friends or family do not give me the emotional support that I would like	Perception of low levels of social support for dealing with diabetes
Physician-related distress	Feeling that my doctor does not know enough about diabetes and diabetes care; Feeling that my doctor does not give me clear enough directions on how to manage my diabetes; Feeling that my doctor does not take my concerns seriously enough; Feeling that I do not have a doctor who I can see regularly enough about my diabetes	Perception of dissatisfaction with the quality of patient-provider communication; Perception of the need to seek a better or regular provider

^aDDS: diabetes distress scale.