Table 2.
Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test. Percentages of individuals in each category rating each item high or very high (NHigh) are listed (S0, no recent stress; S1, reported recent stress; A0, not addicted; A1, screen-addicted [self-rating]).
| Screen-related ratings per groups | S0A1 | S0A0 | S1A1 | S1A0 | Χ2, df=3 | P value | |
|
|
|
NHigh/44 (%) | NHigh/119 (%) | NHigh/91 (%) | NHigh/205 (%) |
|
|
| Screen dependence | |||||||
|
|
Education | 34 (77.3) | 76 (63.9) | 71 (78.0) | 160 (78.0) | 9.1 | .03 |
|
|
News and info | 38 (86.4) | 98 (82.4) | 81 (89.0) | 173 (83.9) | 3.85 | .27 |
|
|
Entertainment | 42 (95.5) | 84 (70.6) | 82 (90.1) | 155 (75.6) | 20.5 | <.001 |
|
|
Relaxation | 33 (75.0) | 71 (59.6) | 61 (67.0) | 109 (53.2) | 9.9 | .02 |
|
|
Social networking | 40 (90.9) | 97 (81.5) | 87 (95.6) | 172 (83.9) | 10.7 | .01 |
|
|
Professional communications | 34 (77.3) | 108 (90.8) | 77 (84.6) | 188 (91.7) | 9.6 | .02 |
|
|
Work | 30 (68.2) | 103 (86.6) | 64 (70.3) | 163 (79.5) | 11.02 | .01 |
| Screen importance | |||||||
|
|
Short message service (SMS) or email | 44 (100) | 113 (95.0) | 86 (94.5) | 198 (96.6) | 2.9 | .4 |
|
|
Game | 16 (36.4) | 20 (16.8) | 27 (29.7) | 15 (7.3) | 35.6 | <.001 |
|
|
Shopping | 22 (50.0) | 50 (42) | 30 (33.0) | 83 (40.5) | 3.89 | .27 |
|
|
Following the news | 33 (75.0) | 92 (77.3) | 64 (70.3) | 150 (73.2) | 1.4 | .71 |
|
|
Searching | 42 (95.5) | 117 (98.3) | 91 (100) | 199 (97.1) | 3.85 | .28 |
|
|
Social media | 34 (77.3) | 63 (52.9) | 76 (83.5) | 122 (59.5) | 26.5 | <.001 |
|
|
Watching | 36 (81.8) | 82 (68.9) | 72 (79.1) | 152 (74.1) | 4.23 | .24 |
|
|
e-reading | 23 (52.3) | 45 (37.8) | 23 (25.3) | 88 (42.9) | 11.8 | .008 |
| Screen necessity | |||||||
|
|
Desktop computer | 3 (7.1) | 7 (5.9) | 13 (14.3) | 7 (3.5) | 12.21 | .007 |
|
|
Laptop | 17 (38.6) | 28 (23.5) | 36 (39.6) | 52 (25.5) | 9.83 | .02 |
|
|
Tablet | 13 (30.2) | 28 (23.5) | 21 (23.3) | 46 (22.4) | 1.2 | .75 |
|
|
Smartphone | 30 (68.2) | 62 (53.0) | 60 (66.7) | 99 (48.8) | 11.39 | .01 |
|
|
Mobile phone | 16 (36.4) | 60 (50.4) | 50 (55.6) | 80 (39.4) | 9.32 | .03 |
|
|
Television | 11 (25.0) | 29 (24.6) | 23 (25.3) | 40 (19.5) | 1.9 | .59 |
|
|
Game console | 3 (6.8) | 1 (0.8) | 7 (7.7) | 5 (2.5) | 9.32 | .03 |
|
|
e-reader | 7 (15.9) | 29 (24.4) | 13 (14.4) | 46 (22.5) | 4.1 | .25 |