Table 3.
Characteristics of patients (with and without HAIs) and their hospitalization in two phases of the observational period: before (2003) and after (2017) implementation of active surveillance of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
| Surgery Type | Spinal Surgery | Brain Surgery | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAM | FUSN | CRAN | VP Shunt | |||||
| Phase of the Study | Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | Before | After |
| surgeries, no. | 133 | 504 | 34 | 252 | 99 | 240 | 13 | 27 |
| HAI, no. | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| HAI incidence (%) | 4.5 | 0.8 | 11.8 | 0.8 | 10.1 | 0.4 | 23.1 | 11.1 |
| RR 95%CI, Fisher’s exact test (p) | 5.5, 1.57–19.16, p = 0.01 | 13.4, 2.53–70.51, p < 0.001 | 25.3, 2.87–170.58, p < 0.001 | 2.1, 0.43–8.24, p = 0.648 | ||||
| Patient age (years) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 48 (13.8) | 52 (14.5) | 52 (13.1) | 51 (14.5) | 56 (16.9) | 61 (16.4) | 57 (14.7) | 54 (20.4) |
| ANOVA (p) | p = 0.005 | p = 0.647 | p = 0.031 | p = 0.611 | ||||
| Hospitalization duration prior to surgery (days) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 6 (5.041) | 3 (2.696) | 8 (6.569) | 4 (4.022) | 4 (5.9) | 3 (4.8) | 9 (9.8) | 9 (12.6) |
| ANOVA (p) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.150 | p = 0.857 | ||||
| Hospitalization duration (days) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 13 (8.3) | 9 (5.4) | 20 (21.5) | 11 (12.1) | 14 (13.8) | 13 (10.8) | 19 (14.9) | 20 (22.2) |
| ANOVA (p) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.406 | p = 0.885 | ||||
| Surgery duration (minutes) | ||||||||
| \Mean (SD) | 127 (55.5) | 116 (55.6) | 135 (39.6) | 141 (65.7) | 110 (46.3) | 88 (56.4) | 80 (21.7) | 65 (31.1) |
| ANOVA (p) | p = 0.043 | p = 0.027 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.043 | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 85 (63.9%) | 280 (55.6%) | 17 (50.0%) | 138 (54.8%) | 66 (66.7%) | 147 (61.2%) | 8 (61.5%) | 16 (59.3%) |
| Women | 48 (36.1%) | 224 (44.4%) | 17 (50.0%) | 114 (45.2%) | 33 (33.3%) | 93 (38.8%) | 5 (38.5%) | 11 (40.7%) |
| Fisher’s exact test (p) | p = 0.051 | p = 0.366 | p = 0.208 | p = 0.585 | ||||
| Operation mode | ||||||||
| Planned | 132 (99.2%) | 471 (93.5%) | 34 (100.0%) | 234 (92.9%) | 23 (23.2%) | 107 (44.6%) | 13 (100.0%) | 21 (77.8%) |
| Urgent | 1 (0.8%) | 33 (6.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (7.1%) | 76 (76.8%) | 133 (55.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (22.2%) |
| Fisher’s exact test (p) | p = 0.003 | p = 0.095 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.077 | ||||
| Patient condition according to the ASA score | ||||||||
| ASA 1–2 pts | 61 (45.9%) | 159 (31.5%) | 16 (47.1%) | 88 (34.9%) | 20 (20.2%) | 23 (9.7%) | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (3.7%) |
| ASA 3–5 pts | 72 (54.1%) | 345 (68.5%) | 18 (52.9%) | 164 (65.1%) | 79 (79.8%) | 215 (90.3%) | 12 (92.3%) | 26 (96.3%) |
| Fisher’s exact test (p) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.008 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.978 | ||||