Table 1.

Diagnostic criteria for pregnancy complicated by the antiphospholipid syndrome, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, or recurrent spontaneous abortion.

No.	Group	Number of Patients	Diagnostic Criteria
1	The group with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)	70 women and their 54 partners	The syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria (the patient’s obstetric history, and/or experience of embolic/thrombotic complications, and/or autoimmune diseases), and laboratory criteria. The criteria for inclusion in the group were [10]: (1) Thrombosis—one or more episodes of arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis (except for superficial venous thrombosis, SVT), or capillary thrombosis within any tissue or organ, confirmed by imaging, Doppler, or histological examination; (2) obstetric failure, i.e., at least one death of a morphologically normal fetus after the 10th week of pregnancy, or at least one premature birth of the morphologically normal fetus before the 34th week of pregnancy due to preeclampsia, eclampsia, or severe placental insufficiency, or at least three spontaneous miscarriages before the 10th week of pregnancy with the exclusion of anatomical causes and hormonal disorders in the mother, and chromosomal disorders in both parents; (3) laboratory criteria—the presence of lupus anticoagulant in plasma detected on at least two occasions minimum 12 weeks apart, using methods recommended by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis; mean or high levels of IgG or IgM class anticardiolipin antibodies (>40 GPL or MPL or <99th percentile) detected on at least two occasions minimum 12 weeks apart by a standardized ELISA method; anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies in serum or plasma (>99th percentile) detected on at least two occasions minimum 12 weeks apart.
2	The group with preeclampsia (PE)	48 women and their 43 partners	The criteria for a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia were [11,12]: (1) Increased blood pressure and proteinuria after the end of the 20th week of pregnancy (with the exception of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) and multifetal pregnancy); (2) the lack of proteinuria if the following occurred for the first time after the 20th week of pregnancy: Thrombocytopenia (a blood platelet count <100,000/µL), liver disease (two-fold higher transaminase activity than normal), impaired renal function (level of creatinine >1.1 mg/dL or a two-fold increase in the creatinine level without kidney disease in the patient’s medical history), pulmonary edema, central nervous system disorders, or vision disorders. The mean BMI of the pregnant women with preeclampsia was 28.1 (25.6–37.1); the mean birth weight of the infants was 2838.7 ± 514 g; 11 pregnant women were diagnosed with chronic hypertension. The patients after in vitro fertilization were not included in the study.
3	The group with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)	35 women and their 34 partners	In this group, a fetal weight was below the 10th percentile for the gestational age according to the first ultrasound performed in pregnancy, and the causes of intrauterine growth restriction—such as genetic determinants, diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, infections, renal disease, fetal developmental malformations, smoking, alcohol consumption, uterine abnormalities, taking medicines, autoimmune disease, etc.—were excluded.
4	The group with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA)	58 women and their 58 partners	The women in this group had at least three spontaneous miscarriages in the first trimester of pregnancy; other causes of miscarriages were excluded. In all pairs, a normal karyotype was confirmed and health problems, such as diabetes, thyroid and adrenal gland disease, anatomic abnormalities, TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, HIV, varicella), rubella, cytomegaloviral disease, herpes), other infections, and autoimmune disease (the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, and antinuclear antibodies) were excluded.
5	The control group (C)	89 healthy women and their 86 partners	The women in this group had no significant perinatal history, had given birth at least twice, and their pregnancies were uncomplicated. In these women, embolic/thrombotic complications and concomitant autoimmune diseases were excluded.