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. 2019 Mar 6;11(3):225. doi: 10.3390/v11030225

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fatty acid metabolism. Fatty acids are freed from glycerophospholipids by phospholipases producing lysophospholipids (LPL). Fatty acids are then conjugated to coenzyme A (CoA). The fatty acyl is bonded to carnitine for transport to the mitochondrial matrix, where they can undergo β-oxidation generating acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA can enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to generate NADH which will produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during oxidative phosphorylation, or the acetyl-CoA can be used to build new fatty acids and glycerophospholipids. The fatty acids can also be used to remodel glycerophospholipids in the Lands’ cycle without being degraded [98].