Table 4.
Selected metabolites from papers on chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Metabolites generally increased in disease are in red, decreased metabolites are in blue. Black metabolites have mixed results in the corresponding publication. If not specified, LC was reversed-phase. Standard single letter amino acid abbreviations are used.
| Publication | Arboviruses Studied | Sample Source | Technique | Comparison | Selected Metabolites (down in Disease, up in Disease) | Ref. No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shrinet et al., 2016 | DENV and CHIKV | Human sera | 1H NMR | Healthy vs CHIKV vs DENV vs co-infected | carbohydrates (sorbitol); amino acids (Q); pyrimidine; organic acids | [26] |
| Martin-Acebes et al., 2014 | WNV | HeLa cell lysate | LC-MS; LC-Orbitrap | mock vs WNV | sphingolipids (Cer; DHCer; SM); glycerophospholipids (PC; LPC; p-PC; p-PE) | [121] |
| Merino-Ramos et al., 2016 | WNV | Vero cell lysate | LC-MS | WNV infected vs WNV infected treated with ACC inhibitor | cholesteryl esters; sphingolipids (Cer; monohexosylCer); glycerophospholipids (PC; PE; PS) (all down in drug treated cells compared to no drug) | [122] |
| Liebscher et al., 2018 | WNV | Vero cell lysate | LC-MS/MS | mock vs WNV | glycerophospholipids (LPC; PC; PS; PE; PI) | [123] |
| Melo et al., 2016 | ZIKV | C6/36 Aedes albopictus cells | MALDI MS; MS/MS | mock vs ZIKV infected | sphingolipids; glycerophospholipids (LPC; LPS; PE; PC); diacylglycerol | [124] |
| Melo et al., 2017 | ZIKV | Human sera | DIMS | healthy and non-ZIKV vs ZIKV | angiotensins; ganglioside GM2; phosphatidylinositols | [27,28] |