Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants in the waitlist and heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) condition at T1.
| Characteristics | Total | Waitlist | HRV-BF | T or χ2 | p Value | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 50 | n = 21 | n = 29 | ||||
| Age (years) (mean, SD) | 31.6 (5.9) | 31.3 (6.1) | 31.8 (5.9) | T(48) = −0.31 | 0.760 | 0.09 3 |
| Level of education (n, %) | χ2(3) = 3.29 | 0.349 | 0.15 2 | |||
| High school | 6 (12.0) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (13.8) | |||
| Lower vocational school | 3 (6.0) | - | 3 (10.3) | |||
| Higher vocational school | 11 (22.0) | 4 (19.0) | 7 (24.1) | |||
| University | 30 (60.0) | 15 (71.4) | 15 (51.7) | |||
| Work (n, %) | χ2(3) = 5.43 | 0.143 | 0.19 2 | |||
| College | 9 (18.0) | 5 (23.8) | 4 (13.8) | |||
| Full-time | 14 (28.0) | 7 (33.3) | 7 (24.1) | |||
| Part-time | 17 (34.0) | 8 (38.1) | 9 (31.0) | |||
| Unemployed/On leave | 10 (20.0) | 1 (4.8) | 9 (31.0) | |||
| Pregnancy (n, %) | χ2(1) = 0.06 | 0.815 | 0.03 2 | |||
| Non-pregnant | 30 (60.0) | 13 (61.9) | 17 (58.6) | |||
| Pregnant | 20 (40.0) | 8 (38.1) | 12 (41.4) | |||
| Parity (n, % of pregnant) | χ2(1) = 2.06 | 0.152 | 0.17 2 | |||
| Nulliparous | 13 (65.0) | 6 (75.0) | 7 (58.3) | |||
| Primiparous or multiparous | 7 (35.0) | 2 (25.0) | 5 (41.7) | |||
| GA 1 at T1 (mean, SD) | 19.33 (5.2) | 21.0 (4.9) | 18.2 (5.3) | T(18) = 1.2 | 0.243 | 0.56 3 |
1 GA = Gestational age in weeks; 2 Cohen’s d; 3 Cramer’s V.