Table 1.
Formulation, proximate composition, and amino acid composition of the diets fed to red seabream for the growth test for 4 weeks.
| Ingredients (%) | 65% FM a | 25% MW b | 40% MW c | 65% MW d | 65% MW+ MO e |
| Fish meal | 65.00 | 40.00 | 25.00 | ||
| DMW-1 | 25.00 | 40.00 | 65.00 | 65.00 | |
| Fish oil | 4.00 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 7.00 | |
| Mealworm oil | 5.16 | ||||
| DHA | 1.84 | ||||
| Starch | 12.00 | 14.00 | 15.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 |
| Corn gluten meal | 8.00 | 5.00 | 3.00 | ||
| Taurine | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
| Vitamin mix | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| Mineral mix | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Choline chloride | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Vitamin C derivatives | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| NaH2PO4 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| KH2PO4 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| Calcium lactate | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
| Carboxymethyl cellulose | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| Proximate composition (% on a dry matter basis) f | |||||
| Crude Protein | 54.7 | 54.1 | 53.0 | 52.2 | 52.4 |
| Crude fat | 11.4 | 11.0 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 8.4 |
| Ash | 13.6 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 5.8 | 6.2 |
| Indispensable amino acids (% total amino acids) g | |||||
| Arg | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| His | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
| Ile | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Leu | 9.0 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
| Lys | 7.5 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
| Met + Cys | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Phe | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
| Thr | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
| Trp + Tyr | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 4.4 |
| Val | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.6 |
Abbreviations: DMW-1, defatted mealworm larvae with hexane and ethanol solvent; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid.a Control diet including 65% fish meal (FM).b Test diet including 25% DMW-1 (38% replacement of FM in the control diet).c Test diet including 40% DMW-1 (62% replacement of FM in the control diet).d Test diet including 65% DMW-1 (100% replacement of FM in the control diet). e Test diet including 65% DMW-1 (100% replacement of FM in the control diet), and the oil fraction of mealworm larvae (MO) was added. DHA was supplemented to be equivalent in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content to the 65% MW diet.f Proximate composition on dry matter basis. Values are reported as means of duplicate analysis.g The amounts of amino acids in the diets were calculated using the amino acid profiles in FM, DMW-1 (Table 3), and corn gluten meal [19].