Table 5.
Ratio of relative risks for stratified estimates of all respiratory outcomes associated with wildfire smoke exposure, stratified by socioeconomic factors.
| Study | Health Outcome | Ratio of Relative Risks (RRR) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low:Middle | 95% CI | Low:High | 95% CI | Middle:High | 95% CI | ||
| Income a | |||||||
| Reid et al. 2016 | All respiratory | 1.009 | (0.994, 1.022) | 1.019 | (1.004, 1.033) | 1.010 | (0.996, 1.024) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | Asthma | 1.012 | (0.984, 1.039) | 1.021 | (0.990, 1.051) | 1.009 | (0.978, 1.040) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | COPD | 1.020 | (0.982, 1.059) | 1.039 | (0.997, 1.082) | 1.018 | (0.976, 1.061) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | Pneumonia | 1.009 | (0.977, 1.040) | 1.017 | (0.981, 1.054) | 1.009 | (0.977, 1.041) |
| % Occupied Housing b | |||||||
| Reid et al. 2016 | All respiratory | 0.999 | (0.986, 1.012) | 0.998 | (0.982, 1.014) | 0.999 | (0.983, 1.015) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | Asthma | 0.989 | (0.962, 1.014) | 0.998 | (0.966, 1.031) | 1.010 | (0.978, 1.042) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | COPD | 1.008 | (0.968, 1.048) | 1.036 | (0.985, 1.088) | 1.028 | (0.982, 1.075) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | Pneumonia | 1.002 | (0.971, 1.033) | 1.004 | (0.969, 1.040) | 1.003 | (0.969, 1.036) |
| % Population with High School Diploma c | |||||||
| Liu et al. 2017 | All respiratory | 0.988 | (0.918, 1.062) | ||||
| Reid et al. 2016 | All respiratory | 0.990 | (0.974, 1.004) | 0.991 | (0.974, 1.006) | 1.001 | (0.987, 1.014) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | Asthma | 0.994 | (0.963, 1.025) | 0.996 | (0.965, 1.027) | 1.002 | (0.974, 1.029) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | COPD | 0.982 | (0.943, 1.022) | 0.959 | (0.920, 0.997) | 0.976 | (0.939, 1.013) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | Pneumonia | 0.967 | (0.935, 0.999) | 0.990 | (0.956, 1.025) | 1.024 | (0.993, 1.056) |
| % Poverty d | |||||||
| Liu et al. 2017 | All respiratory | 0.862 | (0.720, 1.032) | 1.160 | (1.000, 1.347) | 1.000 | (0.862, 1.161) |
| Socioeconomic factors e | |||||||
| Rappold et al. 2012 | All respiratory | 1.113 | (1.000, 1.347) | ||||
| Race f | |||||||
| Reid et al. 2016 | All respiratory | 0.992 | (0.979, 1.005) | 0.992 | (0.976, 1.008) | 1.000 | (0.984, 1.015) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | Asthma | 0.986 | (0.959, 1.013) | 1.002 | (0.968, 1.038) | 1.017 | (0.983, 1.051) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | COPD | 0.992 | (0.955, 1.030) | 1.008 | (0.965, 1.051) | 1.015 | (0.974, 1.057) |
| Reid et al. 2016 | Pneumonia | 0.978 | (0.946, 1.009) | 0.997 | (0.962, 1.033) | 1.020 | (0.987, 1.053) |
| White:Black | 95% CI | White:Other | 95% CI | Black:Other | 95% CI | ||
| Liu et al. 2017 | All respiratory | 0.877 | (0.714, 1.076) | 1.029 | (0.915, 1.155) | 1.173 | (0.947, 1.452) |
Notes: a ED admissions; 0–2 Lag; Groups represent tertiles. b ED admissions; 0–2 Lag; Groups represent tertiles. c Reid et al. 2016: ED admissions, 0–2 Lag, groups represent tertiles; Liu et al. 2017: ED & hospital admissions, 0 Lag; categories defined as <20%: >20% high school diploma. d Hospital admissions; Poverty categories defined as low: <10%, medium: 10–15%, and high: >15%. e RRR estimates represent below: above median values. f Reid et al. 2016: ED admissions; 0–2 Lag, Categories defined as tertile of % White.