Table 1.

Frequency of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by cognitive domain.

Cognitive Domain	Frequency
Learning Memory	40–65%
Visual Episodic Memory	20–75%
Verbal Episodic Memory	15–80%
Complex Attention	5–25%
Information processing Speed	15–50%
Executive Function	15–25%
Working Memory	15–60%
Inhibitory control	15–30%
Language	20–58%
Verbal Fluency	15–25%
Social Cognition	20–40%

MS: Multiple sclerosis. Adapted from Rao et al. 1991 [12], Benedict et al. 2006 [32], Chiaravaloti et al. 2008 [17], Dulau 2017 [25], Cotter et al. 2018 [34], Ciampi et al. 2018 [37], Ntoskou et al. 2018 [38].