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. 2019 Mar 2;11(3):212. doi: 10.3390/v11030212

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Histopathological changes in the respiratory tract of vaccinated and unvaccinated alpaca after challenge with MERS-CoV. Nasal turbinate, trachea, and lung were collected from vaccinated (A–F; A1 shown) and unvaccinated control animals (G–L; A3 shown) on 5 dpi and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (A–C and G–I), or a polyclonal anti-MERS-CoV antibody panels (D–F and J–L). MERS-CoV antigen is visible as a red brown staining in the immunohistochemistry panel. No histopathological changes were observed in the vaccinated alpaca whereas the unvaccinated control alpaca displayed multifocal, minimal-to-mild, acute rhinitis. MERS-CoV antigen was only detected in the nasal turbinates. Magnification: 400×.