Table 1.
Protective and pathologic tissue-resident lymphocyte responses to viral infection.
| Cell Type | Virus | Protection or Pathogenesis | Genetic Evidence * | Redundancy | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ILC1 | MCMV | Protection | Yes | No | [7] |
| ILC1 | Influenza A (H1N1) | Protection | No | ? | [8] |
| ILC1 | Adenovirus, LCMV | Protection | No | ? | [9,10] |
| ILC2 | Influenza A (H1N1) | Pathogenesis | No | ? | [11] |
| ILC2 | Influenza A (H1N1) | Protection | No | ? | [13] |
| ILC2 | Influenza A (H1N1) | Protection | No | ? | [15] |
| ILC2 | Influenza A (H3N1) | Pathogenesis | No | ? | [18] |
| ILC2 | Rhinovirus | Pathogenesis | No | ? | [19] |
| ILC2 | RSV | Pathogenesis | No | ? | [20] |
| ILC3 | Rotavirus | Protection | No | ? | [23] |
| ILC3 | SIV | Protection | No | ? | [24,25,26] |
| ILC3 | Adenovirus, LCMV | Pathogenesis | No | ? | [29] |
| ILC3 | Chronic HBV | Pathogenesis | No | ? | [30,31] |
| iNKT | Influenza A (PR8) | Protection | Yes | No | [36] |
| iNKT | RSV | Protection | No | ? | [37] |
| iNKT | MCMV | Protection | Yes | Yes | [43] |
| iNKT | Influenza A | Protection | No | ? | [44,45] |
| iNKT | Influenza A (H1N1) | Protection | No | ? | [46] |
| iNKT | Chronic HBV, HCV | Neither | No | ? | [47,48] |
| MAIT | Dengue, HCV, Influenza | Both | No | ? | [56] |
| MAIT | Influenza A (H1N1) | Protection | Yes | No | [58] |
| MAIT | HIV | Protection | No | ? | [61] |
| γδ | HHV | Protection | No | ? | [70,71] |
| γδ | Vaccinia, West Nile | Protection | Yes | No | [72,73] |
| γδ | MCMV | Protection | Yes | Yes | [78,79] |
| γδ | HIV | Pathogenesis | No | ? | [81] |
| γδ | Influenza A (H1N1, H5N1) | Protection | Yes | No | [82] |
* Genetic evidence refers to the specific ablation of the indicated cell type in the presence of an intact immune system. ? refers to incomplete evidence for subset redundancy in the referenced study. ILC: Innate lymphoid cell. MCMV: Murine Cytomegalovirus. LCMV: Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus. RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus. HBV: Hepatitis B Virus. SIV: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. iNKT: invariant Natural killer T cell. HCV: Hepatitis C Virus. NKT: Natural killer T cell. MAIT: Mucosal associated invariant T cell. γδ: γδ T cell. HHV: Human Herpesvirus. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus.