Table 3.
Random intercept multivariable logistic regression model concerning the relation of road, railway, and aircraft noise events and the probability of sleep stage changes to awake/S1.
| Variable | Regression Coefficient (Standard Error) | z-Value | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | −5.5220 (0.2584) | −21.37 | <0.001 |
| Maximum SPL (road) | 0.0635 (0.0038) | 16.87 | <0.001 |
| Maximum SPL * railway noise | 0.0001 (0.0037) | 0.0151 | 0.9880 |
| Maximum SPL * aircraft noise | −0.0138 (0.0040) | −3.4148 | <0.001 |
| Tr | 0.0161 (0.0043) | 3.7408 | <0.001 |
| Noise duration | 0.0009 (0.0009) | 1.0081 | 0.3130 |
| Railway noise (indicator) | 0.0752 (0.2133) | 0.3525 | 0.7240 |
| Aircraft noise (indicator) | 0.5769 (0.2358) | 2.4463 | 0.0144 |
| Noise-free interval | 0.0095 (0.0007) | 13.24 | <0.001 |
| Elapsed sleep time | 0.0007 (0.0001) | 10.78 | <0.001 |
| Elapsed time in same sleep stage | −0.0085 (0.0007) | −12.16 | <0.001 |
| Noise number | 0.0011 (0.0018) | 0.62 | 0.5330 |
| Maximum SPL * noise number | −0.0001 (0.0000) | −1.88 | 0.0608 |
| Number of noises per night | −0.0025 (0.0004) | −6.28 | <0.001 |
| Sleep stage S3 | −0.6396 (0.0399) | −16.04 | <0.001 |
| Sleep stage S4 | −0.6927 (0.0531) | −13.06 | <0.001 |
| REM sleep | −0.2155 (0.0227) | −9.49 | <0.001 |
| Age | 0.0013 (0.0029) | 0.46 | 0.6430 |
| IfADo study | 0.4164 (0.2514) | 1.6561 | 0.0977 |
| STRAIN study | −0.1331 (0.2711) | −0.4910 | 0.6230 |
| Maximum SPL * IfADo study | −0.0070 (0.0040) | −1.7509 | 0.0800 |
| Maximum SPL * STRAIN study | 0.0074 (0.0044) | 1.6779 | 0.0934 |
Maximum SPL = maximum A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) of noise events [dB] from the three major traffic noise sources aircraft, road, and railway traffic; Tr = steepest slope of the event curve as rise time of the maximum A-weighted SPL of a noise event [dB/s]; noise duration = duration of a noise event [s]; noise-free interval = noise-free interval between two noise events [min]; elapsed sleep time = time that participants spent asleep before onset of a noise event [epochs]; elapsed time in sleep stages = cumulative time that participants spent in a certain sleep stage before onset of a noise event [epochs]; noise number = current number of a noise event (noise events were counted consecutively); number of noise events per night = total number of noise events per night; sleep stage S3 + S4 = deep sleep; REM sleep = rapid eye movement sleep; age = age of participants at enrollment [years]. Reference categories: Road traffic noise, AIRORA study.