Table 1.
Molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance, and toxin profile of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates investigated.
| Antimicrobial Resistance | Virulence Factors | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ID | Host | Clinical Site | spa | dru | SCCmec | MLVA * | ST | CC | Phenotype ** | Genes Detected | IEC *** | Miscellaneous Genes **** | |
| S264 | Cat | Skin swab | t127 | dt7o | NT | 15 | ST1 | CC1 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, RIF | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6’)-la | seg | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA |
| NN | Human | Wound swab | t223 | nt | IV | 18 | ST22 | CC22 | β-Lactams | mecA | seg, sei, tsst-1, PVL | chp, sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB |
| S164 | Human | Sputum | t037 | dt10a | NT | 9 | ST152 | CC152 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, TET, CHL, ERY, CLI | mecA,aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(K), tet(M), catpC221 | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA |
| S239 | Human | Nipple discharge | t037 | dt11c | III | 5 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(M) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S241 | Human | Wound swab | t037 | dt11c | III + SCCmercury | 6 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, TET, ERY, CHL, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(K), tet(M), fexA, catpC221 | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S245 | Human | Wound swab | t037 | dt11c | III + SCCmercury | 7 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, AMK, TET, CHL | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, tet(K), tet(M), fexA, catpC221 | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S246 | Human | Wound swab | t037 | dt11c | III | 8 | ne | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(M) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S255 | Human | Wound swab | t037 | dt11c | III | 8 | ne | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(M) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S257 | Human | Sputum | t037 | dt11c | III | 8 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S399 | Human | Wound swab | t037 | dr11c | NT | 10 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, tet(M) | sea, sei | sak, sep, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S401 | Human | Wound swab | t037 | dr11c | NT | 11 | ne | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, tet(M) | sea | sak, sep, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S473 | Human | Wound swab | t037 | dt11c | III | 11 | ne | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, tet(M) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB, cna |
| S474 | Human | Wound swab | t038 | dt11c | III | 11 | ne | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(M) | sea, sei | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB, cna |
| S475 | Human | Wound swab | t039 | dt11c | III | 12 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia erm(C), tet(M) | - | sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB, cna |
| S476 | Human | Wound swab | t040 | dt11c | III | 11 | ne | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, tet(M) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB, cna |
| S478 | Human | Wound swab | t041 | dt11c | III | 11 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(M) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB, cna |
| S386 | Dog | Eye swab | t2029 | dt11c | III | 17 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, TET, ERY, CLI (inducible) | mecA, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(K), tet(M) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S400 | Human | Wound swab | t4789 | dr11c | NT | 22 | ne | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(M) | sea, sei | sak, sep, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S402 | Human | Wound swab | t4789 | dr11c | III | 22 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(M) | sea | sak, sep, scn | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S403 | Human | Wound swab | t4789 | dr11c | III | 23 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, tet(M) | sea | sak, sep, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S480 | Human | Wound swab | t4789 | dt11c | NT | 22 | ne | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(M) | sea | sak, scn, hlb | clfB, cna |
| S479 | Human | Wound swab | t487 | dt11c | III | 25 | ST239 | CC239 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C), tet(M) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB, cna |
| S244a | Human | Wound swab | t685 | dt10a | NT | 26 | ST938 | CC30 | β-Lactams, ERY, CLI | mecA, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(A), erm(B) | seg, sei, tsst-1 | sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA |
| S244b | Human | Wound swab | t685 | dt10a | IV | 27 | ST938 | CC30 | β-Lactams, ERY, CLI | mecA, erm(A), erm(B) | seg, sei, tsst-1 | sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA |
| S398 | Dog | Skin swab | t487 | dt10g | NT | 24 | ST45 | CC45 | β-Lactams | mecA, ant(6′)-Ia | seg, sei | chp, sak, scn | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA |
| S395 | Human | Wound swab | nt | nt | NT | 1 | ST111 | CC5 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI, RIF | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6’)-la, erm(A), erm(B) | sea | sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB, icaA |
| S258 | Human | Wound swab | t041 | dt8h | I | 13 | ST111 | CC5 | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, ERY, CLI | mecA, aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(A), erm(B), tet(M) | sea, seg, sei | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB, icaA |
| S396 | Human | Nose swab | t12886 | dt10a | IV | 16 | ST5 | CC5 | β-Lactams, ERY, CLI (inducible) | erm(A), erm(B) | sea, sed, seg, sei | chp, sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA |
| MRS1 | Dog | Wound swab | t242 | dt10a | NT | 19 | CC5 | β-Lactams, GEN | aacA-aphD | seg, sei | chp, sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA | |
| MRS2 | Dog | Wound swab | t242 | dt10a | NT | 19 | ST5 | CC5 | β-Lactams, GEN | aacA-aphD | seg, sei | chp, sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA |
| MRS3 | Dog | Ear swab | t242 | dt10a | V | 20 | ST5 | CC5 | β-Lactams | aacA-aphD | seg, sei | chp, sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfB |
| S422 | Human | Ear swab | t024 | dt7f | IV | 2 | ST8 | CC8 | β-Lactams, GEN, ERY, CLI (inducible) | aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(C) | sej | sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB |
| S423 | Human | Nose swab | t044 | dt10 | IV | 14 | ST80 | CC80 | β-Lactams, TET | aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, tet(K) | PVL | sak, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA |
| S256 | Human | Wound swab | t030 | dt8a | III + SCCmercury | 3 | ST444 | _ | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, TET, ERY, CLI, RIF | aacA-aphD, ant(6′)-Ia, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), tet(M) | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA, qacAB |
| S195 | Human | Skin swab | t030 | dt8a | III | 4 | ST444 | _ | β-Lactams, CIP, GEN, TET, CHL, ERY, CLI, SXT | aacA-aphD, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), catpC221 | sea | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, cna, icaA |
| S394 | Human | Wound swab | t4272 | dt10q | NT | 21 | ST5907 | _ | β-Lactams, GEN, ERY, CLI | aacA-aphD, erm(C) | _ | sak, sea, scn, hlb | fnbA, clfA, clfB, icaA, arsA |
* Multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analyses (MLVA) cluster. ** CIP = ciprofloxacin; GEN = gentamicin; TET = tetracycline; CHL = chloramphenicol; ERY = erythromycin; CLI = clindamycin; RIF = rifampin; SXT = trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, ST = sequence type. *** Immune evasion complex (IEC) genes. **** Microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecule (MSCRAMM) genes; biofilm formation gene; metal resistance genes; quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes.