Table A1.
Parameter | Definition |
---|---|
Population | People who supply antibiotics to sick people or animals, e.g., doctors and other healthcare prescribers, drug sellers, informal doctors, pharmacists, community health workers, veterinarians, farmers, community animal health workers |
Problem | Unnecessary or inappropriate use of antibiotics |
Intervention | Any intervention aiming to influence the prescribing or sale of antibiotics (formal and informal), e.g., communication and education, stewardship programmes, treatment algorithms, delayed treatment, alternative treatments, incentives, pricing, packaging, legislation, peer or community oversight. |
Comparison | Not applicable. The review is not limited to controlled or comparative research designs. Studies which report on interventions with or without comparison groups are included |
Context | Hospital, outpatients, community, online, formal and informal systems in LMICs only. |
Outcome | Primary: Measured improvement in antibiotic use (e.g., reduction in unnecessary antibiotic prescribing, improved adherence to guidelines) Other outcomes could include: Reported changes in knowledge and attitudes around antibiotic use, e.g. health outcomes (improved, unaffected, or adverse), levels of antibiotic resistance and unintended consequences |