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. 2019 Mar 6;9(3):24. doi: 10.3390/bs9030024

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Morris water maze was used to assess for memory (postoperative day 7). (a) Time to reach the platform (latency); (b) time spent in the disc zone; (c) distance swum to reach the platform; and (d) speed of swimming. Sham-operated mice (PA-POD7) and memantine-treated mice (M-POD7) spent less time to reach the platform, more time in the disc zone, and travelled less distance compared to operated-mice that received placebo (PB-POD7). No significant differences were found in the speed of swimming between the three groups. Data shown as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.