Table 5.

An outline of the key characteristics of aquaculture production in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam.

	Indonesia	Thailand	Vietnam
Total Production in Metric Tons of Live Weight	547,934 in 2012	376,339 in 2013	806,960 in 2013
Export Volume in Metric Tons of Live Weight	~270,000 in 2012	~330,000 in 2013	600,000 in 2013
Dominant aquaculture sectors	Brackish water—Shrimp and milkfish. Freshwater—Tilapia, catfish, carp, and grouper.	Brackish water—Whiteleg shrimp, green mussel, blood cockle, and oyster. Freshwater—Nile tilapia and catfish.	Brackish water—Whiteleg shrimp and tiger shrimp Freshwater—Pangasuis catfish
Structure of the industry	80% of the industry is small-scale extensive and semi-intensive cage, net, and pond systems. In addition, there is an emerging intensive cage and net systems sector.	Improved extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive net and cage systems. Intensive systems are dominant for shrimp production for export.	Improved extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive net and cage systems
Market	38% of aquatic production is produced for export and there is a large and rapidly growing export market.	88% of aquaculture products are for the export market.	Shrimp farming accounted for 94% of Vietnam’s export market is 2014. Pangasuis catfish contribute toward both the domestic and export market.
Economic importance and stability	Indonesia has made large-scale investments in intensive white leg shrimp farming and exports over half of shrimp produced. The export value > $1 billion.	EMS had a devastating effect on the shrimp sector in Thailand from 2011 through 2014 with high mortality rates. Economic recovery is ongoing.	Aquaculture is very important to Vietnam’s economy and contributed 10% toward the country’s GDP. However, Vietnam has suffered significant losses due to EMS.
References	[47,48]	[47,49,50]	[47,51]