Table 9.
An overview of the materials and methods used to characterize the economics of antimicrobials and describe antimicrobial use behaviors and attitudes to AMR in key livestock sectors in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
| Indonesia | Thailand | Vietnam | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production system | Small-medium commercial broiler production | Small-medium commercial pig production | Small-medium commercial pig production |
| Number of farms in sample | 419 | 11 | 40 |
| Location of sample farms | Central Java province (n = 75) West Kalimantan province (n = 293) Lampung province (n = 51) |
Central region of Thailand—greater Bangkok | South—Dong Nai province (n = 20) North—Nam Dinh province (n = 20) |
| Number of farm visits for data collection | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Collection of quantitative antimicrobial use data | Farmers asked to describe routine antimicrobial use Farmer recall of retrospective data over the last 2 broiler cycles |
Farmers asked to describe routine antimicrobial use Farmer recall of retrospective data over the last pig cycle |
Farmers asked to describe routine antimicrobial use Collection of on-farm antimicrobial use data over a six-week period through farmer’s retaining antimicrobial packaging (questionnaire conducted over two visits) |
| Economic antimicrobial use and productivity data | Farmer recall of retrospective data over the last 12 months | Farmer recall of retrospective data over the last 12 months | Collection of data over a six-week period (questionnaire conducted over two visits) |
| Qualitative data on farmer attitudes | Likert scale and open questions | Likert scale and open questions | Likert scale and open questions |
| Time of data collection | September 2018 | October 2018 | January–March 2018 |
| Case study collaborators | FAO regional office, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services (DGLAHS) and Center for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies (CIVAS) | National Institute for Veterinary Research (NIVR) | Chulalongkorn University |