Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants, by HIV status
| Characteristic | HIV+ (n = 171) | HIV-(n = 97) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, years (IQR) | 54.5 (50.4, 59.5) | 55.5 (51.6, 59.9) | 0.33 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 170 (99%) | 97 (100%) | 0.45 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.40 | ||
| White | 26 (15%) | 10 (10%) | |
| Black/African American | 131 (77%) | 82 (84%) | |
| Hispanic | 11 (6%) | 3 (3%) | |
| Other | 3 (2%) | 2 (2%) | |
| Body mass index, n (%) | 0.007 | ||
| < 18.5 kg/m2 | 4 (2%) | 0 | |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 70 (41%) | 30 (31%) | |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 68 (40%) | 34 (35%) | |
| ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 | 29 (14%) | 33 (34%) | |
| Median SAT area, cm2 (IQR) | 183.4 (107.4, 270.5) | 251.2 (184.2, 348.0) | < 0.001 |
| Median VAT area, cm2 (IQR) | 95.3 (48.7, 142.7) | 106.4 (58.4, 148.5) | 0.39 |
| Diabetes mellitusa, n (%) | 33 (19%) | 19 (20%) | 0.95 |
| Hypertensionb, n (%) | 140 (82%) | 80 (83%) | 0.77 |
| Alcohol consumptionc, n (%) | 0.28 | ||
| Not current | 59 (34%) | 29 (30%) | |
| Non-hazardous | 33 (19%) | 12 (12%) | |
| Hazardous/at risk | 13 (8%) | 9 (9%) | |
| Dependence/abuse | 66 (39%) | 47 (48%) | |
| Current ART use, n (%)d | 156 (91%) | – | – |
| Median years on ART (IQR) | 6.3 (3.8–9.6) | – | – |
| Median HIV RNA, copies/mm3 (IQR) | 48 (40, 72) | – | – |
| HIV RNA < 75 copies/mm3, n (%) | 141 (82%) | – | – |
| Median nadir CD4 count, cells/mm3 (IQR) | 196.5 (79, 320) | – | – |
| Median current CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 (IQR) | 462 (300, 673) | – | – |
| Current CD4 cell count category, n (%) | – | – | |
| < 200 cells/mm3 | 19 (11%) | ||
| 200–350 cells/mm3 | 39 (23%) | ||
| 350–500 cells/mm3 | 35 (20%) | ||
| > 500 cells/mm3 | 77 (45%) | ||
| Missing | 1 (1%) | ||
| HCV infection, n (%)e | 93 (54%) | 47 (48%) | 0.35 |
| Median ALT, U/L (IQR) | 29 (22, 42) | 29 (19, 44) | 0.85 |
| Median AST, U/L (IQR) | 31.6 (24, 45) | 28 (22.5, 43.5) | 0.36 |
| Median total cholesterol, mg/dL (IQR) | 173 (151, 199) | 176 (153, 200) | 0.56 |
| Median triglycerides, mg/dL (IQR) | 120 (90, 198) | 96 (73.5, 149.5) | 0.002 |
| Median high-density lipoprotein, mg/dL (IQR) | 41 (33, 53) | 44.5 (35.5, 57.5) | 0.08 |
| FIB-4, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| < 1.45 | 75 (44%) | 51 (53%) | |
| 1.45–3.25 | 72 (42%) | 28 (29%) | |
| > 3.25 | 21 (12%) | 5 (5%) | |
| Missing | 3 (2%) | 13 (13%) |
Abbreviations: ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ART antiretroviral therapy, FIB-4 fibrosis 4 score for liver fibrosis, HCV hepatitis C virus, SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue area, VAT visceral adipose tissue area
aDiabetes defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis, anti-diabetic medication use, or random glucose > 200 mg/dL
bHypertension defined by blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of anti-hypertensive medication
cAlcohol consumption determined by responses to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption questionnaire and alcohol dependence/abuse diagnoses
dART use defined by use of at least three antiretrovirals from two different classes within 90 days of noncontrast abdominal CT scan
eHCV infection defined by positive HCV antibody or detectable HCV RNA