Table 2.
Association between superoxide dismutase activity and all-cause mortality in women and men
| HR [95% CI] for all-cause mortality | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model | Basic model a | Fully adjusted model b | |
| Women | |||
| No. of participants | 1034 | 1034 | 822 |
| No. of events | 537 | 537 | 407 |
| No. of person years | 3521.9 | 3521.9 | 2925.3 |
| Risk at each 10 U/mL increase in SOD activity | 0.96 [0.88, 1.05] | 0.84[0.77, 0.92] *** | 0.82[0.74, 0.92] ** |
| Risk by quintiles | |||
| Quintile 1 | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) |
| Quintile 2 | 0.93[0.70, 1.22] | 0.81[0.61, 1.07] | 0.73 [0.53, 1.02] |
| Quintile 3 | 0.90 [0.68, 1.19] | 0.61 [0.46, 0.81]** | 0.52 [0.38, 0.72]*** |
| Quintile 4 | 0.87 [0.66, 1.13] | 0.60 [0.45, 0.79]*** | 0.53 [0.39, 0.73]*** |
| Quintile 5 | 0.79 [0.61, 1.03] | 0.54 [0.41, 0.71]*** | 0.48 [0.35, 0.66]*** |
| P-trend | 0.07 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Men | |||
| No. of participants | 818 | 818 | 683 |
| No. of events | 319 | 319 | 249 |
| No. of person years | 3160.9 | 3160.9 | 2715.9 |
| Risk at each 10 U/mL increase in SOD | 1.05 [0.94, 1.17] | 0.97 [0.86, 1.08] | 0.99 [0.86, 1.14] |
| Risk by quintiles | |||
| Quintile 1 | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) |
| Quintile 2 | 1.25 [0.90, 1.72] | 1.17 [0.84, 1.61] | 1.13 [0.77, 1.68] |
| Quintile 3 | 1.24 [0.89, 1.71] | 1.16 [0.84, 1.61] | 1.11 [0.75, 1.66] |
| Quintile 4 | 1.02 [0.71, 1.46] | 0.74 [0.52, 1.06] | 0.74 [0.48, 1.14] |
| Quintile 5 | 1.30 [0.90, 1.86] | 1.10 [0.77, 1.58] | 1.14 [0.74, 1.76] |
| P-trend | 0.40 | 0.90 | 0.64 |
HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; SOD: superoxide dismutase
a. Basic model: adjusted for age (continuous), and residence (urban or rural);
b. Fully adjusted model: additionally adjusted for frequent vegetable consumption (yes or no), frequent fruit consumption (yes or no), frequent meat consumption (yes or not), frequent physical exercise (yes or no), smoking (current smoker, non-current smoker), alcohol drinking (current drinker, non-current drinker), hypertension (yes or no), body mass index (continuous), glucose (< 7 mmol/L or > =7 mmol/L), total cholesterol (< 6.2 mmol/L, > = 6.2 mmol/L), triglycerides(< 2.3 mmol/L or > =2.3 mmol/L), malondialdehyde (continuous)
* P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001