a) Representations of the ligand forming the water-mediated hydrogen bond with Ser229 (ligand shown in green) and the direct hydrogen bond with Thr232 (ligand shown in gray). b) Probabilities of forming the water-mediated hydrogen bonds in BACE1 (blue) and BACE2 (red) as functions of pH. c) Probabilities of deprotonation for the pyrimidinyl nitrogen in solution (green), BACE1 and BACE2 as functions of pH. The pKa’s in solution, BACE1, and BACE2 are 3.7, 4.2, and 6.4, respectively. d) Probabilities of forming the direct hydrogen bond in BACE1 and BACE2 as functions of pH.