Table 1.
Main Characteristics of the Included Studies
| Study, design, country | Study period | N, Population, Age years (mean) or range | Settings | Intervention (I) and comparator (C) | Reported outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allen 2010,34 RCT, U.S. |
September 2006–July 2007 | 625, with no prostate cancer, aged 45–70 years | Work (12 work sites with Standard Industrial Classification codes 20 to 39 that represent manufacturing industries were randomly assigned to an intervention or nonintervention comparison condition) | I: interactive DA C: No DA |
Intention, knowledge, decisional conflict |
| Evans 2010,35 RCT, United Kingdom |
NR | 514, men were invited to participate by their general practitioners in South Wales, United Kingdom, mean age not reported, aged 50–75 years | Any Internet based and mailed interventions accessible from home or any setting | I: interactive DA, visual DA C: No DA |
Intention, uptake, knowledge, anxiety, attitude, decisional conflict |
| Frosch 2001,46 Non-RCT, U.S. |
NR | 176, male patients at the Health Appraisal Clinic, in the department of preventive medicine, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California, aged >50 years | Outpatient clinic | I: audio-visual DA C: General information about PSA testing (presented orally) |
Uptake, knowledge |
| Frosch 2008,47 RCT, U.S. |
March 2005–May 2006 | 611, Participants were recruited from the Health Appraisal Clinic of Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California. The clinic conducts preventive screening examinations, aged >50 years | Outpatient clinic | I: interactive DA, visual DA C: Not a DA (men were given links to public websites on prostate cancer screening) |
Uptake, knowledge |
| Gattellari 2003,48 RCT, Australia |
NR | 248, men were recruited from the practices of 13 local general practitioners in Sydney, Australia, ~54, aged 40–70 years | Outpatient clinic (GP’s office) | I: visual DA C: Not a DA (Pamphlet published by Australian Government) |
Intention, knowledge, attitude, decisional conflict |
| Gattellari 2005,49 RCT, Australia |
NR | 421, men recruited by making telephone calls using randomly selected numbers from 29 contiguous postcodes in Sydney, Australia, from the white-page telephone directory, ~58, aged 50–70 years | Community | I: visual DA, audio-visual DA C: Not a DA (Leaflet “Testing for prostate cancer”) |
Intention, knowledge, attitude, decisional conflict |
| Lepore 2012,50 RCT, U.S. |
June 2005–August 2006 | 490, African American men, a high immigrant percentage, 55.04, aged 45–70 years | Community | I: visual DA C: Not a DA (telephone conversation about fruit and vegetable consumption) |
Intention, uptake, knowledge, anxiety, decisional conflict |
| Partin 2004,51,52 RCT, U.S. |
NR | 893, male Veterans with primary care appointments at participating facilities aged ≥50 years | Outpatient clinic (mailed intervention) | I: visual DA, audio-visual DA C: Usual care |
Intention, uptake, knowledge |
| Tran 2015,53 RCT, France |
October 2012–February 2013 | 1,170, men from 86 general practice clinics in France, in both urban and rural environments 61, aged 50–75 years | Outpatient clinic | I: visual DA C: Usual care (physicians answered patients’ questions) |
Intention |
| Volk 1999,36,37 2003, RCT, U.S. |
NR | 158, Male patients seen at primary care at the Family Medicine Center at The University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas ~59 years, aged 45–70 years | Outpatient clinic | I: audio-visual DA C: No DA |
Intention, uptake, knowledge |
| Watson 2006,38 RCT, United Kingdom |
NR | 977, men from 11 general practices in England (Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire) and Wales (Cwmbran and Aberystwyth) mean age not reported, aged 40–75 years | Any, (mailed DA) | I: visual DA C: Not a DA (questionnaire only) |
Intention, knowledge, attitude |
| Barry 2015,39 Before after, U.S. |
2009–2013 (data collection) | 1,041, men recruited at primary care practices affiliated with two health systems -Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, mean age not reported, aged 50– ≥70 years | Any, (mailed DVD) | I: interactive DA C: NA |
Intention, knowledge |
| Frencher 2016,40 Before after, U.S. |
NR | 120, African American men were recruited from 50 barbershops located in South Los Angeles, California, aged ≥40 years | Community (Black Barbershop Health Outreach Program [BBHOP]) | I: audio-visual DA (culturally specific) C: audio-visual DA (not culturally specific) |
Intention, knowledge |
| Ruthman 2004,41 Controlled before-after, U.S. |
NR | 104, Subjects were men who attended a Veterans Administration clinic 66.32, aged 51–77 years | Outpatient clinic | I: audio-visual DA C: No DA |
Intention, Knowledge |
| Sheridan 2004,42 Before-after, U.S. |
NR | 188, men who were presenting to a university internal medicine clinic for routine care, 60, aged 45–85 years | Outpatient clinic | I: visual DA C: NA |
Intention |
| Krist 2007,43 RCT, U.S. |
June 2002–June 2004 | 497, men with no history of prostate cancer, aged 50–70 years | Any, (mailed DA) | I: interactive DA, visual DA C: Usual care |
Uptake, knowledge, decisional conflict |
| Ilic 2008,44 RCT, Australia |
NR | 156, men who have never been screened for prostate cancer, aged >45 years | Any, (mailed DA) | I: audio-visual DA, interactive DA, visual DA C: DAs |
Intention, knowledge, anxiety, decisional conflict |
| Stamm 2017,45 RCT, U.S. |
NR | 329, English speaking men with no history of prostate cancer, men who might have prostate screening more than 1 year ago, aged 50–75 years | Any, (mailed DA) | I: visual DA C: Usual care |
Uptake, knowledge |
NR, not reported; NA, not applicable; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; DA, PSA-based screening patient decision aid.