Table 5.
Overview of the SMM risk stratification models
| Risk model | High-risk patients, no of patients/no high risk patients | Risk factors | Definition of high-risk | TTP for high-risk patients | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayo Clinic | 276/27 | BMPC ≥10% M-protein ≥3 g/dL |
All RF | 5-year: 69% | 20 |
| Mayo Clinic | 273/78 | BMPC ≥10% M-protein ≥3 g/dL |
All RF | 5-year: 76% | 26 |
| Spanish Myeloma Group | 93/39 | ≥95% aberrant PCs within BMPCs Immunoparesis | All RF | 5-year: 76% | 32 |
| SWOG S0120 | 105/14 | Elevated 4-gene expression score Monoclonal protein ≥3 g/dL Serum albumin <3.5 g/dL |
4-gene expression score ≥ 9.28 | 2-year: 86% | 11 |
| PENN | 135/NA | BMPC ≥10% SFLCR ≥50 |
2–3 RF | 2-year: 81% | 46 |
| Heidelberg | 248/44 | Serum albumin ≤3.5 g/dL del(17p13); t(4;14) or +1q21 Monoclonal protein ≥2 g/dL |
All RF | 3-year: 59% | 9 |
| Czech Myleoma Group | 287/NA | Immunoparesis Monoclonal protein ≥2.3 g/dL Involved: uninvolved SFLC >30 |
All RF | 2-year: 79% | 47 |
| Danish Myeloma Group | 321/42 | Immunoparesis Monoclonal protein ≥3 g/dL |
All RF | 2-year: 38% | 27 |
| Barcelona | 207/67 | Evolving pattern Serum M-protein ≥3 g/dL Immunoparesis |
ALL RF | 2-year: 80% | 48 |
| Japanese | 301/NA | Beta 2-microglobulin ≥2.5 mg/L M-protein increment rate >1 mg/dL/d |
2 RF | 2-year: 67.5% | 49 |
| Mayo evolving model | 190/19 | Evolving change in monoclonal protein level (eMP) Evolving change in hemoglobin (eHb) ≥20% BMPCs |
3 RF | 2-year: 90.5% | 29 |
Abbreviations: BMPC, bone marrow plasma cell; NA, not available; PCs, plasma cells; RF, risk factors; SFLCR, serum free light chain ratio; SMM, smoldering multiple myeloma; TTP, time-to-progression.