Table 1.
Demographic and Baseline Clinical Characteristics
| Characteristic | Controlsa (n = 24) | Patients With T1DM (n = 23) | Patients With T2DM (n = 17) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 40 (3) | 38 (3) | 54 (2) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1 (1.0) | 25.4 (1.0) | 31.0 (1.3) |
| Female sex, no. (%) | 14 (58) | 19 (83) | 12 (71) |
| Borderline, definite anxiety, no. | 0, 0 | 4, 3 | 4, 2 |
| Borderline, definite depression, no. | 0, 0 | 4, 1 | 4, 1 |
| NDI dyspepsia symptom severity score, median (IQR) | 12.95 (12.5, 13.0) | 11.1 (10.6, 11.8) | 10.6 (9.9, 12.2) |
| NDI QOL score, median (IQR) | 100 (100,100) | 52.2 (26.5, 79.4) | 39.43 (22.1, 83.6) |
| PAGI-SYM subscores, median (IQR) | |||
| Heartburn subscore | 0 (0, 0.14) | 2.4 (0.75, 3.1) | 2.8 (1.8, 3.9) |
| Nausea, vomiting, and regurgitation subscore | 0 (0, 0) | 1.3 (0.6, 3.3) | 1.3 (0.3, 2.9) |
| Early satiety subscore | 0 (0, 0.25) | 2.4 (0.8, 3.1) | 2.8 (1.8, 3.9) |
| Bloating subscore | 0 (0, 0.13) | 2.5 (1, 4) | 3.3 (0.6, 4.4) |
| Upper abdominal pain subscore | 0 (0, 0) | 2.3 (1, 3.1) | 2 (1, 3.5) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2 (0.07) | 9.2 (0.5) | 8.1 (0.4) |
| Colonic filling at 6 h (%) | 56 (4) | 47 (6) | 42 (7) |
| Cardiovagal dysfunction, no. (%) | 1 (4) | 13 (57) | 2 (12) |
| Cardiovascular sympathetic dysfunction, no. (%) | 1 (4) | 11 (48) | 4 (24) |
| Sudomotor dysfunction, no. (%) | 4 (17) | 12 (52) | 7 (41) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NDI, Nepean Dyspepsia Index.
a
Values are presented as mean (SE) unless specified otherwise.