Figure 1.

Optimization of the bioink. A) Schematic structures of GelMA, alginate, and PEGOA. B) Schematic depiction of formation of the GAP hydrogel via crosslinking with CaCl₂ and UV exposure. C) Illustration of viscosity of hydrogels on a slope surface (scale bar, 1 cm). D) Influence of the shear rate on the rheological behavior of the customized bioink and the different components of the bioinks. E) G′ and G″ as a function of time of the bioink and the different components of the bioink. F) Visual inspection of the customized bioink and the different components of the bioink after CaCl₂ and UV-light exposure. G) Compressive stress–strain curves for the customized bioink and the different components of the bioink. H) Young’s modulus of the hydrogels determined from the stress–strain curves. G: 7% GelMA; A: 2% alginate; P: 2% PEGOA; GA: 7% GelMA and 2% alginate; GP: 7% GelMA and 2% PEGOA; GAP: 7% GelMA, 2% alginate, and 2% PEGOA.