Table 1.
Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of a random sample of adults 18–44 years of age in 21 communities in Zambia and South Africa.
| Zambia | South Africa | |||
| N = 19 750 | N = 18 941 | |||
| Productive days lost (PDLs) in the last 3 months | 1.3 | 6.11 | 0.31 | 3 |
| PDLs, HIV-positive | 2.17 | 8.31 | 0.48 | 4.29 |
| PDLs, HIV-negative | 1.03 | 5.25 | 0.26 | 2.59 |
| PDLS >3 days, HIV-positive | 526/3952 | 13% | 87/3821 | 2% |
| PDLS >3 days, HIV-negative | 1069/14 496 | 7% | 208/12 862 | 2% |
| Age under 25 years | 8894/19 730 | 45% | 6355/18 610 | 34% |
| Age 25–34 years | 7193/19 730 | 37% | 7597/18 610 | 41% |
| Age 35– 44 years | 3643/19 730 | 18% | 4658/18 610 | 25% |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 5428/19 733 | 28% | 5816/18 612 | 31% |
| Female | 14 305/19 733 | 72% | 12 796/18 612 | 69% |
| Labour force participation | ||||
| In the labour force | 8785/18 623 | 47% | 15 133/18 400 | 82% |
| Not in the labour force | 9799/18 623 | 53% | 3112/18 400 | 17% |
| Unable to work (permanently sick or injured) | 39/18 623 | 0% | 155/18 400 | 1% |
| Ethnic group | ||||
| Bemba 5827/19 750 | 30% | Xhosa 12 048/18 941 | 64% | |
| Tonga 2453/19 750 | 12% | Multiracial 4803/18 941 | 25% | |
| Lozi 1547/19 750 | 8% | Afrikaans 526/18 941 | 3% | |
| Chewa 1404/19 750 | 7% | Othera 1564/18 941 | 8% | |
| Othera 8519/19 750 | 43% | |||
| Education level | ||||
| School education less than grade 8 (primary school) | 5544/19 668 | 28% | 1472/18 466 | 8% |
| School education between grades 8 and 12 (secondary school) | 12 808/19 668 | 65% | 15 947/18 466 | 86% |
| College, university, or other higher education | 1316/19 668 | 7% | 1047/18 466 | 6% |
| Use recreational drugs | 480/19 629 | 2% | 689/18 432 | 4% |
| HIV-status | ||||
| HIV-negative | 15 202/19 330 | 79% | 13 992/18 004 | 78% |
| HIV-positive | 4128/19 330 | 21% | 4012/18 004 | 22% |
| HIV-positive not on ARTb,c | 2446/4128 | 59% | 2592/4012 | 65% |
| HIV-positive on ART <1 yearb | 509/4128 | 12% | 351/4012 | 9% |
| HIV-positive on ART 1–2 yearsb | 347/4128 | 8% | 268/4012 | 7% |
| HIV-positive on ART 3 or more yearsb | 714/4128 | 17% | 574/4012 | 14% |
| Unknown ART statusb,d | 112/4128 | 3% | 227/4012 | 6% |
Data are mean (SD), n (%), or n/N (%).
aAll other ethnic groups varied between 0.03 and 6.69%.
bART status at the start of the 3-month recall period of PDLs; numbers based on responses by those self-reporting being HIV-positive.
cIncludes respondents with lab confirmed HIV-positive status who did not self-report being HIV-positive.
dIncludes respondents with missing self-reported ART status.