Table 1.

Development of Phase-Transfer Catalysts^a

entry	catyst	T (°C)	conv. (%)b	5Aa/6A; 5Aa/7Aab	ee of 5Aa (%)c
1d	C-1	−20	100	10/90; 79/21	15 (S)
2d	QD-2	−20	69	58/42; 80/20	80 (S)
3d	QD-3	−20	95	66/34; 89/11	90 (S)
4	QD-3	−30	92	71/29; 90/10	91 (S)
5e	QD-3	−30	100	83/17; 90/10	92 (S)
6e,f	QD-3	−30	100	93/7; 90/10	88 (S)
7e,f	QD-3	−40	100	95/5; 90/10	91 (S)
8e,f	Q-3	−40	32	75/25; 61/39	33 (R)
9e,f	epiQ-3	−40	100	97/3; 91/9	91 (R)

^aUnless noted, reactions were performed with 1A (0.025 mmol), 4a (0.05 mmol), aqueous KOH (0.22 μL, 50 wt %, 10 mol %) in PhMe (0.25 mL) with catalyst (5.0 mol %) at the indicated temperature for 8 h.

^bDetermined by ¹⁹F NMR analysis.

^cDetermined by HPLC analysis.

^dReaction time was 4 h.

^e2.0 mol % additive A-1 was added.

^fEtOH (2.5 μL) was added.