Table 2.
Interventions and outcomes of included studies
| Author/s | Technique | Bone union rate (%) | Bone results (ASAMI, PALEY) (excellent/good/fair/poor) | Functional results (ASAMI, PALEY) (excellent/good/fair/poor) | Complications (per patient) | EFT (months) | EFI (months/cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madhusudhan et al. | RD/AT/ACL (IEF) | 100 | 5/8/5/4 | 1/4/6/10a | 2.73 (60/22) | 9.3 | 2.33 |
| Pirwani et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | nr | nr | 2 (32/16) | 16 | 3 |
| Bumbasirevic et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 96.6 | 19/10/0/1 | 13/14/2/1 | 1.4 (42/30) | 9.7 | 1.48 |
| Megas et al. | RD/AT/CO or ACL | 100 | 5/4/0/0 | 3/4/2/0 | 1.89 (17/9) | 7.83 | 1.07 |
| Lin et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 93.7 | nr | nr | 1 (16/16) | 4.5 | nr |
| Babar et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 97 | 13/2/2/0 | 10/4/2/1 | 1 (17/17) | 6 | nr |
| Feng et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | 19/2/0/0 | nr | 0.4 (8/21) | 9.8 | 1.48 |
| Krappinger et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 80 | 7/6/2/0 | 6/7/2/0 | 3 (45/15) | 13.2 | nr |
| Selim | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 80 | 7/3/0/0 | 7/3/0/0 | 0.7 (7/10) | 2.5 | 0.28 |
| Shadid et al. | RD/AT/ACL (IEF) | 100 | 10/2/0/0 | 6/4/2/0 | 0.25 (3/12) | nr | nr |
| Spiegl et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 96 | nr | nr | 1.36 (34/25) | 23.2 | 1.9 |
| Xu et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | 28/2/0/0 | nr | 0.27 (8/30) | 10 | 1.36 |
| Yin et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | 44/15/5/2 | 24/26/10/0b | 1.1 (73/66) | 9.4 | 1.38 |
| Morsy | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | 8/3/0/1 | 7/4/1/0 | 1.58 (19/12) | 6.8 | 1.52 |
| Marais et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF | 100 | nr | nr | 1.57 (11/7) | 17.7 | 2.7 |
| Azzam et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | 22/6/1/1 | 13/9/7/1 | 1.7 (51/30) | 7.5 | 1.3 |
| Bernstein et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 77 | nr | nr | 0.77 (17/22) | 11.03 | 2.5 |
| Khan et al. | RD/AT/CO or ACL (IEF) | 95.7 | 6/14/1/2c | 8/12/2/1c | 0.5 (12/24) | 8 | 4.2 |
| Peng et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | 30/23/5/0 | 28/18/12/0 | 0.67 (39/58) | 10.6 | 1.2 |
| Wani et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | 13/9/4/0 | 9/11/5/1 | 2 (52/26) | 14.07 | 1.6 |
| Aboumira et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 89 | 11/8/3/3 | 11/9/2/3 | 0.72 (18/25) | 11.8 | 2.1 |
| Aktuglu et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 95.8 | 12/8/2/2 | 14/9/1/0 | 1 (24/24) | 11.52 | 1.73 |
| Fürmetz et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | nr | nr | nr | 9.52 | 1.47 |
| Rohilla et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 94 | 19/13/0/3 | 14/19/1/1 | 1.2 (42/35) | 11.9 | 1.8 |
| Tetsworth et al. | RD/AT/BT or ACL (IEF) | 100 | 15/5/1/0 | 14/6/1/0 | 3.1 (nr) | 12.5 | 1.8 |
| Yilihamu et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | nr | nr | nr | 1.46 (21/14) | 9.8 | 1.51 |
| Zhang et al. | RD/AT/BT (IEF) | 100 | 10/0/0/6 | 12/4/0/0 | 1.18 (19/16) | 12 | 1.1 |
nr not reported, ACL acute compression and lengthening, ASAMI, PALEY Association for the Study of the Method of Ilizarov, AT antibiotics treatment, BT bone transport, CO compression osteosynthesis, EFI external fixation index, EFT external fixation time, IEF Ilizarov external fixator, RD radical debridement
a1 patient lost in follow-up
b6 patients lost in follow-up
c1 patient died from liver disease