Table 1.

Description of three contemporary approaches to phenomenology

Phenomenological approach	Description	Key figures
Lifeworld research	A blended approach that explores how daily experiences manifest in the lifeworld of individuals through consideration of selfhood, sociality, embodiment, temporality, and spatiality [8]	Peter Ashworth, Karin Dahlberg
Post-intentional phenomenology	A blended approach that treats the phenomenon as the unit of analysis but asserts that phenomena are multiple, partial, contextual, and in flux; being simultaneously produced and producing [9]	Mark Vagle
Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA)	A blended approach that aims to provide detailed examination of the lived experience of a phenomenon through participant’s personal experiences and personal perception of objects and events. In contrast to other approaches, in IPA the researcher performs an active role in the interpretive process [10]	Jonathan Smith