. 2019 Feb 21;9(1):22–37. doi: 10.15171/apb.2019.004

Table 6. Protective effects of Nigella sativa and its constituents against toxicity of 2 food additives in different tissues .

Food Toxins	Food Source	Targets	Treatment Conditions	Main Findings	Ref.
TBHQ	Vegetable oils, numerous edible animal fats, and meat products	Hepatotoxicity	In vivo, rat TQ: 1 mM	TQ protects the liver enzymes leakage.	¹¹⁶
Carrageenan	Thickening, gelling and stabilizing abilities	Inflammatory	In vivo, rat TQ: 500 mg/kg body weight	TQ inhibits carrageenan-induced paw edema in a dose-dependent manner.	¹¹⁷
Carrageenan	Thickening, gelling and stabilizing abilities	Inflammatory	In vivo, rat extract of N. sativa: 250, 500 mg/kg body weight	N. sativa inhibits inflammation and pain.	¹¹⁸

Abbreviations: TBHQ, Tert-butylhydroquinone.