Figure 1.

Queuosine modification of tRNAs increases the translational speed of the C-ending codons for His and Asp and decreases the speed of the U-ending Asn and Tyr codons. (A) Overview of the experimental conditions for ribosome profiling to determine the effect of Q modification on translation. m⁵C38 indicates the level (%) of C38 methylation of tRNA^Asp in a given sample. Q designates samples with (+) or without (–) Q34-modification of tRNAs. (B) Codon-specific changes in ribosomal A-site occupancy in the absence of Q modification in comparison to with Q (mean ± SEM, n = 3), as measured by ribosome profiling. C-ending Q codons are boxed in red, U-ending codons in yellow. Thin gray lines give the SEM.