Figure 1.

Molecular mechanisms of transformation by oncogenic viruses through miR-155 pathways. Induction of miR-155 through proviral insertional activation or through virus-encoded/transduced oncoproteins such as v-myc, v-rel, and Meq results in the modulation of expression of a number of miR-155 target proteins, contributing to the neoplastic transformation of the infected cell. Exosomal transfer of miR-155 and other proteins from the transformed cells can also contribute to the transformation of adjacent new cells.