Table 1.
Antivenom characteristics of the products used to treat cases of Daboia palaestinae envenomation during the years 2013–2016.
| Antivenom Characteristic | Kamada | Viper-Stat | European |
|---|---|---|---|
| Product | Vipera palaestinae antiserum | Viper-stat® | European viper venom antiserum |
| Manufacturer | Kamada Ltd., Israel | BioVeteria, Life Sciences, LLC, Mexico | Institute of Immunology, Croatia |
| Type | Whole Ig, monovalent | F(ab)2, polyvalent | F(ab)2, polyvalent |
| Source | Horse plasma | Horse plasma | Horse plasma |
| Use | Human and veterinary | Veterinary | Human and veterinary |
| Active components in 10 mL dose | 1000 PD50 Vipera palaestinea | 250 PD50 Vipera paleestinea | 500 PD50 Vipera xantinae |
| (As declared by the manufacturer) | 250 PD50 Macrovipera lebetina obtuse | 1000 PD50 Vipera ammodytes | |
| 250 PD50 Naja palida | 1000 PD50 Vipera aspis | ||
| 250 PD50 Walterinesia aegyptia | 500 PD50 Vipera berus | ||
| 500 PD50 Bitis aretans | 500 PD50 Vipera lebetinae | ||
| 500 PD50 Cerastes cerastes | |||
| 500 PD50 Naja haja | |||
| 200 PD50 Echis leucogaster | |||
| 200 PD50 Macrovipera deserti | |||
| Recommended starting dosage | 10 mL (50 mL for humans) | 20 mL | 10 mL |