Table 4.

Effects of naringenin: in vitro beta cell studies.

Cell	Naringenin Concentration/Duration	Effect	Reference
INS-1E cells	100–1000 µM, 1 and 72 h	↑ Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ↑ Glut2, Gck, Ins1/2, Beta2 and Pdx1 mRNA ↑ Akt1, Akt2, Irs1, Bcl2 and Hsp70/90 mRNA ↓ Bax, Casp3, and Acc1 mRNA	[64]

Glucose transporter 2 (Glut2); Glucokinase (Gck); Insulin 1/2 (Ins1/2); β2 adrenergic receptor agonists (Beta2); Insulin promoter factor 1 (Pdx1); Protein kinase B (Akt); B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2); Heat shock protein 70/90 (Hsp70/90); Bcl2 associated X (Bax); Caspase 3 (Casp3); Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (Acc1).