Figure 1.

Impacts of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) on poultry organs functions, productivity, and consumer health, and nutritional factors that might mitigate these impacts. The presence of AFB₁ in the diet of poultry leads to body organs with abnormal sizes, stimulates the production of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes to convert AFB₁ into AFB₁-8,9-expoxide (AFBO; as the more toxic form of AFB₁), oxidative damage, and organ malfunctions, which led to low productivity, decreased reproductive performance, high susceptibility to diseases, and the accumulation of AFB₁ in eggs and meat, which can be harmful to the health of consumers. Adding inorganic AFB₁ binders can bind AFB₁ and reducing the accumulation of AFB₁ in eggs and meat according to their efficiency. Organic AFB₁ binders, such as probiotics, can bind or absorb AFB₁ to decrease the conversion of AFB₁ into AFBO by suppressing cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, as well as alleviating oxidative damage to organs and reducing the accumulation of AFB₁ in eggs and meat. The addition of antioxidants, such as selenium and curcumin, can decrease the conversion of AFB₁ into AFBO by suppressing cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and alleviate oxidative damage to organs.