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. 2019 Feb 28;8(3):204. doi: 10.3390/cells8030204

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Summary and functional network target analysis of ginsenoside Rb1, which exerts significant anti-hyperglycemic and anti-diabetic effects on diabetes complications via multiple links across regulatory mechanisms and multi-target effects. IR, insulin resistance; DN, diabetic nephropathy; DEP, diabetic encephalopathy; DC, diabetic cardiovascular complications; DR, diabetic retinopathy; DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; IGM, intestine and gut/microbiota. (↓), downregulation or inhibition; (↑), upregulation or activation; (?), uncertainty or undetermined.