Table 2.

Therapeutic agents for the inhibition of VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling.

Agents	Agent Description	Developer	Current Status	Ref.
Sorafenib	Small molecule TKI (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, c-kit, RET)	Bayer and Onyx	FDA-approved	[138]
Sunitinib	Small molecule TKI (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, c-kit, Flt3, RET)	Pfizer Inc.	FDA-approved	[140]
Pazopanib	Small molecule TKI (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, c-kit)	GlaxoSmithKline	FDA-approved	[141]
Axitinib	Small molecule TKI (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, c-kit)	Pfizer Inc.	FDA-approved	[142,143]
Cediranib	Small molecule TKI (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, c-kit)	AstraZeneca	Phase III	[137]
Brivanib	Small molecule TKI (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, FGFRs)	Bristol-Myers Squibb	Phase III	[144]
Vandetanib	Small molecule TKI (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, EGFR, RET)	AstraZeneca	Phase II	[145,146]
Motesanib	Small molecule TKI (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, c-kit, RET)	Amgen	Phase III	[147]
SAR131675	Small molecule TKI (more selective for VEGFR3 than VEGFR1/2)	Sanofi	Preclinical	[148,149]
Bevacizumab	Humanized anti-VEGF-A mAb	Genentech	FDA-approved	[150]
IMC-3C5	Humanized anti-VEGFR3 mAb	ImClone Systems/Eli Lilly	Phase I	[153]
VGX-100	Humanized anti-VEGF-C mAb	Circadian Technologies	Phase I	[154]
Diabody	Anti-VEGFR2/ VEGFR3 mAb	-	Preclinical	[155]
sVEGFR3-Fc	Soluble VEGFR3 decoy receptor	-	Preclinical	[156]
Single-chain fragment (scFv)	Anti-VEGF-C mAb fragment	-	Preclinical	[157]
VEGFR3-Ig	Anti-VEGF-C/A Receptor-Ig fusion protein	-	Preclinical	[158]
Anti-VEGFR3 peptide	Anti-VEGFR3 peptide	-	Preclinical	[92]