Figure 10.

UDCA promotes EWAT browning and reduces obesity. Normal and ob/ob mice were treated with or without 50 mg/kg UDCA for 14 days. (A) Representative pictures of HE staining and lipofuscin of EWAT section. Green pseudo-color represents the visualization of lipofuscin’s autofluorescence at 450–490 nm. Red arrow highlights the positive staining. Scale bars, 100µm. (B) SREBP-1c and CD36 were observed by Western blot analysis in the liver. (C) mRNA expression of Pparγ, Cpt-1, Cpt-2, Fatp, Cd36, and Aco in EWAT were detected by RT-qPCR. Immunohistochemical staining of (D) UCP1, Tmem26, CD34, and CD90. Red arrow highlights the positive staining. Scale bars, 100µm. (E) The mRNA expression of Pgc-1α, Ucp1, Tmem26, mCd137, and Prdm16 in EWAT were detected by RT-qPCR. (F) SIRT1, PGC-1α, Tmem26, CD34, and CD90 were detected by Western blot analysis in EWAT. In all panels, results are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. of five independent experiments, and statistical significance of differences between means was assessed using an unpaired Student’s t-test (* p ≤ 0.05; normal vs. ob/ob. ^# p ≤ 0.05; ob/ob vs. ob/ob + UDCA). EWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue; SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins; Pparγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; Cpt-1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1; Fatp, fatty acid transporter protein; Aco, Acyl-CoA oxidase; Tmem26, transmembrane protein 26; Prdm16, PR domain zinc finger protein 16.