Table 2.
Risk factors for the development of esophageal squamous neoplasm in head and neck cancer patients.
| Characteristics | Low Grade Dysplasia vs. No Neoplasm | High Grade Dysplasia/SCC vs. No Neoplasm | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | p | cOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
| Age | ||||||||||
| <50 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| ≥50 | 1.7 | 1.0–2.9 | 1.8 | 1.1–3.1 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.4–1.1 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.3 | 0.25 |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Non-smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Smoker | 1.7 | 0.8–3.9 | 1.7 | 0.7–4.0 | 0.22 | 9.3 | 1.3–67.7 | 5.6 | 0.8–42.2 | 0.09 |
| Alcohol | ||||||||||
| Non-drinker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Drinker | 3.0 | 1.5–5.9 | 3.4 | 1.7–7.0 | <0.01 | 23.9 | 3.3–173.4 | 21.3 | 2.9–156.6 | <0.01 |
| Betel nut | ||||||||||
| Non-chewer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Chewer | 0.8 | 0.5–1.4 | 0.6 | 0.4–1.1 | 0.09 | 1.1 | 0.6–2.0 | 0.6 | 0.3–1.1 | 0.08 |
| Tea drinking | ||||||||||
| Non-consumer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Consumer | 1.4 | 0.9–2.1 | 1.3 | 0.8–2.0 | 0.33 | 0.5 | 0.3–0.9 | 0.5 | 0.3–0.9 | 0.03 |
| Stage | ||||||||||
| 0–I | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| II | 1.2 | 0.6–2.7 | 1.4 | 0.6–3.0 | 0.45 | 2.3 | 0.6–9.5 | 2.8 | 0.7–11.7 | 0.16 |
| III | 0.5 | 0.2–1.2 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.2 | 0.11 | 3.2 | 0.9–11.8 | 2.9 | 0.8–10.7 | 0.11 |
| IV | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 | 1.1 | 0.6–2.1 | 0.69 | 4.5 | 1.4–14.9 | 4.3 | 1.3–14.3 | 0.02 |
Abbreviations: SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; cOR, crude odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. p value was tested with the logistic regression model for categorical variables for all the variables in the table.