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. 2019 Mar 1;11(3):290. doi: 10.3390/cancers11030290

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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CAFs distribution affects the tumor outcome. Tumors abundant in myofibroblasts are characterized by increased ECM deposition that contributes to hypoxia and tumor stiffness, increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tendency for metastasis. Abundance of secretory CAFs contributes to tumor growth as a result of vascularization and proliferation cues, promotes immunosuppression by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and enhances chemotherapy resistance by increasing stemness.