Table 1.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of fungal incidence and contamination of sterigmatocystin (STC) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at different sampling times in different rice varieties cultivated at three different sowing densities.
| Factor | Total Fungi Incidence (%) |
Incidence of Fusarium spp. (%) |
Incidence of A. versicolor (%) |
Incidence of A. flavus (%) |
STC (µg/kg) |
AFB1 (µg/kg) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling time (A) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||||||
| Flowering (BBCH 69) | 0.3 | e | 0.0 | d | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | b | 0.0 | d | 0.0 | b |
| 15 days post-flowering (BBCH 77) | 15.6 | d | 3.1 | c | 0.7 | bc | 0.8 | a | 0.4 | c | 0.1 | ab |
| Early dough (BBCH 83) | 26.5 | c | 2.2 | c | 1.6 | ab | 0.1 | b | 1.4 | b | 0.1 | ab |
| Full Ripening (BBCH 89) | 89.0 | a | 18.9 | a | 1.3 | ab | 0.1 | b | 2.0 | a | 0.1 | ab |
| Over ripening (BBCH 92) | 67.6 | b | 10.4 | b | 2.2 | a | 0.0 | b | 1.6 | ab | 0.2 | a |
| Rice variety (B) | ** | ** | ** | N.S. | ** | ** | ||||||
| Centauro | 45.6 | a | 11.7 | ab | 0.6 | bc | 0.2 | 1.0 | bcd | 0.0 | b | |
| Selenio | 38.9 | ab | 7.8 | bcd | 0.3 | c | 0.2 | 1.1 | cd | 0.1 | ab | |
| Sole CL | 45.2 | a | 4.8 | cd | 0.7 | bc | 0.0 | 1.9 | a | 0.1 | ab | |
| Terra CL | 31.5 | b | 5.1 | d | 0.2 | c | 0.2 | 0.3 | e | 0.0 | b | |
| CL26 | 55.1 | a | 4.4 | cd | 4.1 | a | 0.0 | 1.9 | ab | 0.3 | a | |
| CLXL 745 | 54.3 | a | 7.3 | abcd | 1.3 | b | 0.5 | 1.6 | abc | 0.2 | ab | |
| Mare CL | 52.5 | a | 4.4 | cd | 1.1 | bc | 0.5 | 2.4 | a | 0.1 | ab | |
| Sirio CL | 49.5 | a | 12.5 | a | 4.8 | a | 0.3 | 0.7 | de | 0.1 | ab | |
| CL15 | 40.3 | ab | 10.5 | abc | 0.2 | c | 0.2 | 1.0 | bcd | 0.0 | b | |
| Sowing density (C) | N.S. | * | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. | ||||||
| 100 kg/ha | 65.8 | 8.2 | ab | 2.4 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.1 | |||||
| 150kg/ha | 60.3 | 11.1 | a | 2.0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.1 | |||||
| 200kg/ha | 61.2 | 7.5 | b | 2.3 | 7.5 | 1.9 | 0.1 | |||||
| AxB | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | N.S. | ||||||
| AxC | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. | N.S. | ||||||
| BxC | N.S. | * | ** | * | N.S. | N.S. | ||||||
| AxBxC | N.S. | N.S. | ** | ** | N.S. | N.S. | ||||||
Different letters mean significant differences according to Tukey Test; N.S.: not significative; *: p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01.