1H-NMR	Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
2D-DIGE-MS	Two dimensional–difference gel electrophoresis–mass spectrometry
AUC	Area under the curve
BCAA	Branched-chain amino acids
BPH	Benign prostatic hyperplasia
CRPC	Castration-resistant prostate cancer
CS	Citrate synthase
DRE	Digital rectal examination
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EPS	Expressed prostatic secretions
EV	Extracellular vesicles
FBP	Fructose-bisphosphatase
FIA-MS/MS	Flow injection analysis–tandem mass spectrometry
FPLC-MS	Fast ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
GAA	Guanidinoacetate
GABA	Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GPI	Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
GS	Gleason Score
GC-MS	Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
GC-QqQ-MS	Gas chromatography–triple quadrupole–mass spectrometry
HG	High-grade (GS ≥ 8)
HK2	Hexokinase 2
HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS	High performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry
HPLC-TOF-MS	High performance liquid chromatography–time of flight–mass spectrometry
HV	Healthy Volunteers
iTRAQ	Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification
LC-MS	Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
LC-MS/MS	Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
LG	Low-grade (GS ≤ 7)
MALDI-TOF-MS	Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight–mass spectrometry
MS	Mass spectroscopy
NMR	Nuclear magnetic resonance
QqQ-MS:	Triple quadrupole–mass spectrometry
PCa	Prostate cancer
PDH	Pyruvate dehydrogenase
PEP	Phosphoenolpyruvate
PFK	Phosphofructokinase
PK	Pyruvate kinase
PM	Prostatic massage
PSA	Prostate specific antigen
SAM	S-Adenosyl methionine
T	Stage
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
TRUS	Trans-rectal ultrasound
UHPLC-MS	Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
UPLC-MS/MS	Ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry