| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| PI3K | phosphoinositide 3-kinases |
| Akt | protein kinase B |
| mTORC1 | mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| AMPK | 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase |
| FoxO | forkhead box O3 |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| GPxs | glutathione peroxidases |
| GSSG/GSH | oxidized/ reduced glutathione |
| NADP/NADPH | oxidized/ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| G6PD | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| MDA | malonyldialdehyde |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 |
| Keap1 | kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
| Fbxo32 | F-Box Protein 32 |
| Trim63 | tripartite motif containing 63 |
| Sqstm1 | sequestosome-1 |
| Map1lc3b | microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B |
| Becn1 | beclin-1 |
| Ctsl1 | cathepsin L |
| Lamp2 | lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 |
| PINK1 | PTEN-induced kinase 1 |
| BNIP3 | Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein |
| PGC-1α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha |
| OXFU | oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil |
| AVMs | autophagic vacuolar myopathies |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |