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(a) The movement and direction of Ps in different conditions: (a.i) Di ionised water only, (a.ii) Di ionised water and Ps, (a.iii) PDEP and (a.iv) NDEP. (b) At the input frequency 10 KHz, 10 μm Ps laterally attracted in the y-axis, PDEP: (b.i) 2 s, (b.ii) 5 s, (b.iii) 8 s and (b.iv) 10 s. (c) At the input frequency 2 MHz, 10 μm Ps vertically repelled in the z-axis, NDEP: (c.i) 2 s, (c.ii) 5 s, (c.iii) 8 s and (c.iv) 10 s.
