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. 2019 Mar 14;10(3):70. doi: 10.3390/insects10030070

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Diptera diversity & services: (a) Simulium (Simuliidae) larvae, Chile; (b) Line of grazing Apistomyia (Blephariceridae) larvae, Thailand; (c) Neocurupira hudsoni (Blephariceridae) larvae with symbiotic Tonnoirocladius commensalis (Chironomidae) larvae and pupae, New Zealand; (d) Cyanobacteria (Nostoc parmeliodes) containing Cricotopus nostocicola (Chironomidae) larva, Oregon; (e) Harvesting Simulium (Simuliidae) larvae for human consumption, Thailand; (f) Masses of Ephydra (Ephydridae) puparia, Great Salt Lake, Utah. (g) Odontomyia (Stratiomyidae) larvae in hot spring, Oregon (inset = larvae in hot spring, Yellowstone National Park); (h) Parasimulium crosskeyi (Simuliidae) larval hypostoma, Oregon. Figure 4a © S.A. Marshall; Figure 4b–h © G.W. Courtney, except inset of Figure 4g © E. Boyd.