Table 1.

Summary of oncometabolites.

Metabolites	Producer	Specific Function	Common Function
Acetyl CoA	PDC	Produces acetyl-CoA and increases histone acetylation. Increases the expression of genes that promote cell cycle progression and cell proliferation
2-hydroxybutyrate	Mutated IDH	Inhibits cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase.
Fumarate	WT SDH, mutated FH	Inhibits Keap1-mediated degradation of NRF. Increases ROS signalling via generation of succinated glutathione. Inhibits the demethylase KDM2B, increases H3 methylation and promotes binding of DNA-dependent protein kinase and the recruitment of end-processing DNA repair enzymes.	Inhibits the JMJD family, TET family and PHD family. Increased methylation promotes the expression of genes increasing proliferation and inhibiting differentiation.
Succinate	Mutated SDH
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)	PKM2	Phosphorylation of H3 with PEP facilitates H3 acetylation, promotes expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1. STAT3 phosphorylation promotes MEK5 activation.