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. 2019 Jan 18;9(1):15. doi: 10.3390/bios9010015

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Schematic representation of typical EI fabrication steps using magnetic beads as surface material for immobilization of immunoreagents. The immunocomplex is composed of a primary antibody (Ab1), analyte of interest or antigen (Ag) and a secondary antibody (Ab2) labelled with a redox enzyme (E). The magnetic bead-sandwich ELISA conjugate is attached to the carbon electrode surface using a magnetic platform for electrochemical measurements in order to detect antigens of interest [134].